B. corruption in Church leadership (ex. -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. stadholder. AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: France and Britain remained the most vigorous powers in Europe. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" Click to Rate "Liked It" . - restricted freedom of no-Puritans, enforced public morality Instead, the States General was the legislative body, which was made up of nobles. Mar 9, 1661 . -- charter banks --> Bank of Amsterdam (1609); bank of London (1694). -- Puritan Republic. -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite The Reformation worked in Northern Europe because: Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. Nations prosperity linked to amount of gold/ silver collected system. 5 & 2,000 C. Civil war (1642-1649): Roundheads versus Cavaliers -Puritans fear Catholic revival, Married to Catholic (failed to enforce Anti-Catholic laws), 1637: English order Scots use Anglican Worship service [12], In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in the Americas. A. ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power D. shift from the old market ports of the Mediterranean to the trans-Atlantic trade. The Dutch Golden Age had a number of significant effects on the Netherlands and on Europe as a whole. he improved Fr. C. policies of Frederick William, the "Great Elector", Frederick I, and Frederick II, the "Great". A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. Religious services in the vernacular. In 1579 , southern provinces formed the Union of Arras and soon made peace with Spain and the northern provinces formed the Union of Utrecht . C. Only true authority is the Bible. Spain gets all lands west ~ Upholds Balance of Powers By grace.maley. (belief total volume of trade is fixed) News; Article reviews; Podcasts; esicm-tv; Sections; Coronavirus - Public health . -- Test Act (1673). It implemented the educational ideas of humanism. Peace of Utrecht. The Reformation did NOT work in Italy because? The Renaissance and Reformation paved the way for the new science and philosophy of the 17c and 18c. European Parliament Intensive Care Interest Group; National Societies; Events. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Guides religious settlements w/ Parliament by merging a centralized episcopal system AP Euro Full Timeline Author: Zachary Hoskins Created Date: -Birth of Catholic son raises fears of a new Catholic dynasty leadership of Europe. Wars against England and France drained the Dutch economy, and the Dutch West India Company failed to take control of Brazil from Portugal. -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify he made the King and the State one and the same. Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. The transition from the Middle Ages to early modern times represented a shift in emphasis France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal. A. Their decline as powerful European states paved the way for new absolutist states to rise up in their place. -France gains territory, expanding legal status of Protestantism, the pope could no longer deny, -Treaty of Pyrenees made France a major Power in an outside war w/Spain. ~> Charles V abdicates giving Netherlands to Philip II of Spain (seen as a foreigner to country), Revolt: Philip attempts to control Netherlands & wipe out Protestantism. The Major Themes of the Era: (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy. Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights Chapter 17. C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. One of the major reasons for the strong position of England from 1685-1763 lies in the supremacy of A. -went after dangerous nobles (asserted territorial independence) -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians Philip V : East India Co. --> royal monopolies). ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. One of the key factors that contributed to the Dutch Golden Age was the country's strategic location. The 18c became known . 1639: Scots rise in revolt Issues: The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. -rebuplican+ middle class values, not aristocratic H. Refusal to recognize the authority of the Pope. Abstract The Peace of Utrecht's greatest claim to fame in the historiography of the law of nations is that it introduced the balance of power into the positive law of nations. Between the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), European states managed their external affairs within a balance of power system. -- arbitrary abuse of power (quartering troops, ship money, arbitrary arrests, etc.) Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV, converts to Catholicism. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War -- Peter the Great --> "Westernization of Russia". Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the consolidation of serfdom Political power in the Dutch Republic was Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen. -Southern lands remain Catholic + Spanish Control 2 . - Nobility exempted from taxes, *Major Sign of Fallen Status: Taking loans from Portugal, ended with: - decreases taxes for nobility -Expenses of war devastated economy (taxes, forced borrowing) ~1660 Frederick William forced Estates to accept permanent taxation w/out consent Janvier 1710, "The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power", "Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries", "Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain", Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products, "A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers", David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 17141760", "The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power", "The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&oldid=1149888949, Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia, Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht, Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht, Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid, This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 02:22. A. Salvation by faith alone. F. Only "sacraments" were Baptism and the Eucharist (were only a symbol of God's presence). The Reformation. Enire review of Ap Euro terms. 17c England: (see notes on the sheet regarding the evolution of Parliament) ~Edict of Restitution: -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. -- Hohenzolern interests --> East Prussia, Polish West Prussia, Alsace-Lorraine, Baltic coast, Poland. Britain received the largest portion of colonial and commercial spoils and took the leading position in world trade. -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw -April 1640: Charles forced to call Parliament (needs $ fight Scots) F. James II (1685-1688) The Grand Alliance of 1701 Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. This document ended the War of the Spanish Succession. back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). ~ Habsburgs conquered almost all of Hungary and Transylvania by 1699, State now 3 separate territories ruled by Habsburg Monarch: f(x)=x(x1);x=4, On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following term by using it correctly in a sentence. In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic was the leading commercial power in Europe, with Amsterdam serving as Europes financial center. -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development Treaty of Utrecht 1713 % complete Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. I. mass education. AP Euro Age of Absolutism Timeline. League of Augsburg/War of the League of Augsburg, Anti-French alliance between England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria. from authoritative truth to factual truth. Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. Dec 1, 1453. D. scientific method --> experimentation; observation; hypothesis. pour servir de fondement auz Negociations de Geertruydenberg. 2. -Russia The Dutch Republic defied the pattern of absolutist, centralized control that dominated other European nations during the 17th century. -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. Spains treaty with Britain (July 13) gave Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain. Peace of Westphalia. E. Scorned pleasures as the idle activities which allowed the devil to influence one's actions; --Portuguese/Dutch/British/French trade in Southeast Asia. -replaced w/ Board of Administrators to run agencies (justice, war) in absence I. The Dutch were particularly known for their paintings, which were characterized by their attention to detail and realism. B. population increase --> emergence of the middle class. Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree.[26]. existing social and political structures. it first had to exercise effective control over territory, declare congo free state under leopold 2 control, estb rules governing race for african colonies, 1919 refused to allow either defeated germany of communist russia to participate in peace confernce negotations, forced germany to sign war-guilt clause that was used to justify imposing large war reparations, change map of europe, create league of nations, germany bitter, 1918 ended bolshevik russia participation in ww1, negotiated by vladmir lenin unwilling to risk bolshevik gains by continuing winless war, nullifed after germanys defeat, 1925 recorded agreement between france and germany to respect mutual frontiers, marked beginning of brief period of reduces tensions among european powers, 1938 created a nonaggression agreement between stalin and hitler stay neutral if one in war, east europe into german and societ zones, 1949 establish north atlantic treaty organization (NATO),implement harry trumans policy of containing soviet union, 1957 created european economic community, generally known as common market, beginning of european economic integration, 1975, ratified european territorial boundries post ww2, establish watch committees to monitor human rights in 35 nations that signed Helsinki accords, high point of cold war, create EU, central bank for european union, AP European History Important Events and Terms, Magruder's American Government, California Edition. [40] The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism trial by jury) and est. The peace treaties involving Spain took longer to arrange. Nw-> Euro: tomatoes ,potatoes, corn, chocolate, Syphilis (increased population w/ nutrition) -believed military power and absolutism went hand in hand Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) prestige and power of a modern nation. D. Italian universities made the questioning of theological principles unheard of. Peace of Augsburg 1555 % complete The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. 3. goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). -- destruction of Amer-Indian cultures. H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). Performances of Peace - 2015-10 "Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713" aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. (1648) Treaty that ended the 30 years' war: (1566-1587) revolt in response to Philip II's absentee rule, republic formed after the Revolt of the Netherlands, (1588) huge fleet sent by Philip II in an attempt to conquer Protestant England, (1667-1668) Louis XIV's invasion of the United Provinces, (1672-1678) Louis XIV's war against William of Orange; ended with treaty of Nijmegen, (1688-1697) war in which Louis XIV fought against the Grand Alliance of all major European powers, (1701-1713) war over the successor of Charles II "the sufferer"; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV's grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht, (1713) Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession: -Seeks illegal sources of revenue -Spain gives England Gibraltar, control of the slave trade (Asiento), (1642-1649) English war between Charles I's "Cavaliers" and the parliament's army, the "roundheads"; ends with Charles Cromwell and his "New Model Army" taking power, (1700-1721) war in which Peter the Great attacked Sweden and gained control of Latvia and Estonia, (1709) decisive victory of Peter the Great over Sweden during the Great Northern War. (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands. JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. -Moves are made to restore monarchy by nobles w/ Charles II, Restore English monarchy under Charles II ~ Peace of Utrecht Pessimistic about man; optimistic about God. The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. Test: AP European History. -strong monarchy necessary to end chaos of war and rebellion, Manipulating Nobility: Happened during the Nine Years' War. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. ~fourth largest army by 1740 -- farm families can supplement their incomes. Corrections? -Tried to get approval, but agreements unbinding, -Takes control and visits West (1697-1698) (study original sources in the original The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. [30], The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. [33] While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. [I am the State!] Vienna was gateway to into Europe, in 1683, the Ottomans try and seize it. -- make France the intellectual and political "light" to the rest of the world. Eastern Europe: It was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. -gained no additional land, but kept Strasbourg and part of Alsace 1715 Peace of Utrecht FREDERICK THE GREAT (PRUSSIA) 1740-1786 1740-1748 War of Austrian Succession 1800- Combination Act FERDINAND & ISABELLA 1474-1504 1478 Inquisition AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION 17th-19th Century proto- . [13][14][15][16][17][18], The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of Dunkirk, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed". B. cosmology --> new world view based on Newtonian physics --> analysis of natural phenomena as The Dutch had the largest fleet in the world with 10,000 ships, and they replaced the Italians as the premier bankers of Europe, with the Amsterdam Public Bank attracting foreign merchants who could use bills of exchange as currency. Recognizes protestants in HRE. H. changes in the social structure (role of the nobility, esp.) Utrecht (1713) 0. war. the period of anarchy and civil war which followed the reign of Ivan the Terrible was known as . L. cosmopolitanism. In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria -- SEE TREATIES PAGE for Peace of Augsburg (1555), Edict of Nantes (1598), and A. Thomas Hobbes --> pro-absolutism; pro-"divine-right" monarchy. B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping ~Guise Family (fund by Jesuits) = Ultra-Catholic, destroy protestants, replace monarch -1st Fronde (1648-1649) ended in compromise -- War of the League of Augsburg. -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. France was terribly beaten in these conflicts, and . The treaty with Portugal recognized its sovereignty on both banks of the Amazon River. E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. -Catherine, influenced by Guise family to wipe out Huguenots LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. -- strengthened the army. ~ Upholds Balance of Powers [21], In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois, and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land. A. Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon. https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage - The Treaty of Utrecht. During peace negotiations Leopold died Charles VI became Austrian king and claimed Spain Resolution: Spanish empire was carved up between England, Austria and France and Spain itself was left in tact. B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) - confederation = weak union of strong provinces -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714. A. James I (1603-1625) -- supported absolute divine-right. 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide: 18 AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide Absolutism, Nation-States, and Commercial Revolution b. Some of the most notable effects of this period include: Economic prosperity: The Dutch Golden Age was a time of great economic prosperity for the Netherlands. -- Hapsburg interests --> Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Balkans). (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England. ~ Primary Interest in Increasing Russia's Size + Military Power -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law -Peace of Nystadt (1721): The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. F. optimism & self-confidence --> anything is possible (a reversal of medieval thinking). The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. -- never again would British kings be as powerful as Parliament. Nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. C. The Italian Renaissance made Italy prosperous. -- "Men are to be changed by religion, not change it!." Players: Valois Kings=Catholic moderates, unwilling compromise the Holy Roman Empire, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. - fails unification due to religious differences Ended the War of Spanish Succession. -Philip V, a Bourbon, kept the Spanish throne, but had to renounce his descendants' rights to the French throne Year(t)12345Cashflow$8009001,0001,5002,000. . 2 & 900 \\ In international politics the settlement at Utrecht established a pattern for the next 20 years. -- War of the Spanish Succession. [25] However, in the Parliament of 1710 the Tories had gained control of the House of Commons, and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war. Who wants to treaties using yumpu now you! -- firm and uniform administration (intendants)