He serves on the board of the UK charity, The Sutton Trust, and is an Advisory Director of the Scientific Exploration Society in the UK. VP to Director and Managing Director at Dresdner Kleinwort, MetLife, GE Capital-Genworth Financial 1998 - 2007 9 years. [33] Additional cases were brought by Dresdner Kleinwort executive committee members John McIntyre, Bertrand Pinel and Alberto Piedra in August 2009 seeking 11million. [32] Other executives (Areski Iberrakene, Efstratios Hatzistefanis, Kaveh Taleghani and Stefan Guetter) won their bonus suits against the bank in August 2009. In anticipation of monetary union in 1990 (which preceded political union by a year), East Germany revamped its entire banking system, spinning off its state central bank's retail operations into a new unit called Deutsche Kreditbank. When the effects of the American stock market crash of 1929 hit Germany in 1931, there was little cash on hand to pay investors. Christopher Wright is Chairman and a co-founder of EMAlternatives LLC in Washington DC and of its former affiliate in China, Yimei Capital Ltd, and is also a director of Merifin Capital Group, a private European investment firm. As a measure of the subsidiary's, and Dresdner's, American prominence, ABD's chief, Theodor Schmidt-Scheuber, was the first foreigner to be made head of an American stock exchange, in Boston. Structuring: Within the commercial framework of a transaction, a wide range of financing and structuring options are possible. Mr. Wright has been a director of Merifin Capital NV, a private European family owned investment firm since 1987. No matter what its future held, Kleinwort Benson deserved credit for its ambitious program of expansion and diversification in the 1970s and 1980s, which recalled the golden age of the British merchant banks. The German debt problem continued to dog Kleinwort after the outbreak of war in 1939. [2], Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 17:31, Sir Alexander Drake Kleinwort, 1st Baronet, "Kleinwort loses historic Benson name after mega-merger", "Gold, Mexican cotton and enemy debts: archives of Kleinwort Benson Group, merchant investment bankers", "Quin puso el dinero para el golpe del 18 de julio y la Guerra Civil? Three years later, Dresdner and the entire German business community were shocked when Jrgen Ponto, Dresdner's chief executive, was killed by left-wing terrorists during a kidnapping attempt. Prior to joining Langham Capital, Vikram was Managing Director & Country Manager-India for FTI Consulting, a multi-segment business advisory firm, headquartered in the US and listed on the NYSE. He has acted as Chairman of various investment funds prior to and following the latters integration with Allianz Private Equity. Steve has more than 25 years of rich experience in real estate & sport, especially in areas of real estate development, investment, M&A, change management. In 1970, it opened an office in Tokyo which, combined with its subsidiaries in Thailand and Hong Kong, gave it a stronger presence in Asia than any other British merchant bank. Rather than forcing Dresdner to sell the investment bank (an obstacle in prior merger negotiations), Allianz created a new corporate and market division under the leadership of Kleinwort Wasserstein. Dresdner Kleinwort is a boutique investment banking firm that offers financial advisory services. In 1884 Dresdner Bank moved its headquarters from Dresden to Berlin and then spent the rest of the decade expanding even more vigorously. He qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Price Waterhouse, London. Hugh has worked on transactions in 15 countries. Barry brings decades of rich investment experiences to the YiMei team. As one of the privileges of leadership, Hermann Goering was allowed to have a company of his own, Goering Werke, an iron ore processing works whose products were in heavy demand during the Nazi war buildup. "The upshot is that the German and European banking landscape will look substantially different from today," Dresdner Chairman Wolfgang Rller told the Wall Street Journal in 1990. This hurt Dresdner even more than had the lack of expansion during the war years. The short-lived Weimar Republic (1918-23) was also difficult for Dresdner Bank. He also focused on restructuring investments in small-to-medium sized German telecommunications companies for Dresdner Kleinwort Capital, the private equity arm of Dresdner . Judy holds an MBA degree from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and a BA in International Economics from Peking University. He was the top ranked sell-side analyst for several years before leaving for Switzerland.He is a graduate of Strathclyde University and the London School of Economics. This was not unusual; having representatives on boards and councils, as well as controlling blocks of voting stock shares, were the chief ways that the big German banks exercised economic control. [37], In November 2011 Saffron Tax Partners announced the acquisition of the private client tax compliance business from Kleinwort Benson. Rller's background in securities made him an especially appropriate choice as the banking industry in general, and Germany's in particular, entered an era of decreasing regulation and intensified international competition. The earliest known Kleinwort to go into banking was 24-year-old Heinrich Kleinwort, a grandfather of Sir Alexander Drake Kleinwort, 1st Baronet. Three years later, when the banking industry was stabilized by the introduction of the Rentenmark, Dresdner's share capital and reserves totaled only 100 million Rentenmarks. At this time Dresdner developed close relations with the electro-technical, rail, and oil industries, which allowed it to build, with Deutsche Bank, a railroad line from Constantinople to Ankara, then an important line of transportation. With the leadership of Judy, YiMei Capital team has built up long-term good relationship with local leading GPs in a decade time, which including: Angel Fund, Venture Capital Fund, Buyout Fund, Mezzanine Fund, Special Opportunity Fund, Real Estate Fund and Art Fund etc. Nonetheless, Kleinwort Benson survived the crisis in better shape than its competitors. Hon the Lord Lilley is a British Conservative Party politician who joined the House of Lords in June 2018. Traditionally, merchant bankers had to live with uncertainty as an inherent fact of business life. He worked on the prop desk for 11 years, moving up to the position of Director, trading convertible bonds, credit default swaps, corporate bonds, and various other derivatives. Unlike Robert Fleming and Schroders, the two last main UK banking survivors, Kleinwort Benson had failed, to Robertson's personal regret, to build up a major asset management operation. Kleinwort Benson Cross Financing proved to be a consistent moneymaker, while KBGS disappointed its parent's expectations. [6], In 1947 Robert Benson and Co. merged with Lonsdale Investment Trust (founded by Leo Lonsdale) to form Robert Benson, Lonsdale and Co.[7] The Benson family interest in the group was watered down but operational control of bank remained with its Chairman, Rex Benson. Dresdner's relationship with the Nazi government led to dire consequences after the conclusion of World War II. Firms with international interests as extensive as Dresdner's experienced crushing setbacks as they lost vast international securities and capital holdings. We also work selectively with early stage companies to raise venture funding. They merged in 1961 to create Kleinwort Benson Lonsdale, later Kleinwort Benson. He is an experienced institutional investor in alternative assets in developed and emerging markets, board member of companies, public and private, in the USA, Europe and Asia, and family office executive. He is Honorary Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford and serves as a member of its Endowment Investment Committee. He advised on strategy and funding, with a view to introducing these companies to international best-practices in management and finance. In 2001 Dresdner was acquired by Allianz AG, a global insurance provider that saw the takeover as a way of bolstering its financial management arm. Having spent five years as an investment banker in the UK, he became a partner with Coopers & Lybrand (now PwC) heading up the privatization and M&A groups. Prior to joining YiMei Capital, Judy served as Director of Strategic Investments at HewlettPackard Company. All rights reserved. Dylan was formerly Head of Liquid Investments at Calibrium AG, Zurich, where he helped build and establish one of the largest Family Offices in Europe.Dylan started his career at Dresdner Kleinwort Benson in 1997 in the Quant, Strategy and Economics group before moving to Socit Gnrales highly regarded global strategy team. Isaac runs the Information Technology practice at Langham Capital. The bank struggled to regain some of its prominence during the early postwar years but then faced another reformation from the Liquidation Commission. Dresdner Bank A.G. The Kleinwort Benson Group, the largest of a fast-dwindling corps of independently owned British investment banks, said today that it was negotiating to be acquired by Dresdner Bank A.G. of . The firm provides mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances, equity and debt underwriting, sales and trading, derivatives, equity research, and valuation services. But the banks were too loyal to their customers and lent out too much money. Hans Friderichs, a former economics minister, was Ponto's eventual replacement. Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein has moved its Tokyo-based Asia ex-Japan credit derivatives trading operation to Singapore as part of an on-going effort to build its capital markets presence in. Langham Capital provides expert corporate finance advisory services to companies seeking to build their global businesses. The domination of the big banks had long fostered a populist resentment, which the Nazis carefully exploited. The Ikarus Capital team has collectively more than 25 years of experience in financial advisory services in the renewables, clean tech, and utilities sector. Dresdner Kleinwort Capital is a London-based investment banking firm providing brokerage services for financial and investment products. European banks were eager to combine so that they could compete more effectively with American mega-financial institutions, like Citigroup Inc., which offered a panoply of services to their corporate clients and were making headway in European markets. In 2000, the company began courting Wasserstein Perella & Co., an American investment bank founded in the late 1980s by the infamous dealmaker Bruce Wasserstein in conjunction with Joseph Perella. Kleinwort Benson nevertheless remained committed to securities. China Guangdong Nuclear Power Fund Management, Youre viewing 10 of 165 services to companies. Prior to YiMei Capital Management, Henry worked as Director in Accenture China and PwC US, where he developed deep understanding of world leading corporations' business and operating model. As such, the company agreed to be acquired by Dresdner Bank AG, Germany's second-largest bank at the time. [25], In December 2008 Commerzbank, which was in the process of acquiring Dresdner Bank,[26] decided to close Dresdner Kleinwort's Mergers & Acquisitions Unit. We manage the negotiation process towards closure by setting and monitoring the timetable, taking each step forward towards completion and liaising closely with the other parties involved in the transaction. His clients includes: Citibank, P&G, Unilever, Lucent, China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, PetroChina, Sinopec and CNOOC. In 1995, Dresdner spent about $1.58 billion to acquire the British investment bank Kleinwort Benson Group PLC. Of Dresdner's total of 327 offices, only about half remained open, and most of those were badly damaged. Company profile page for Dresdner Kleinwort Capital Inc including stock price, company news, press releases, executives, board members, and contact information The two German banks were in the final stages of negotiating a merger in 2000, when the deal fell apart. This eye for expansion would continue to make Dresdner grow until its foreign interests were lost after World War I. Dresdner's huge credit reserve, like that of the other large German banks, also helped Germany transform itself from a capital importing to a capital exporting economy during the 1880s. Our bankers pride themselves on working closely with our clients to provide tailored advice for specific situations. As consumers, we often take for granted all the hard work that goes into building a great company. Dresdner Kleinwort offers investment banking services. Angel, Fund of Funds, Venture Capital), This describes the stage of investments made by this organization (e.g. Until March 2007, he spent 19 years at Kleinwort Benson/Dresdner Bank in various roles including derivatives trading, hedge fund management and served as COO of Dresdner . Following its acquisition by Socit Gnrale in June 2016, it was merged with SG Hambros, already a subsidiary of Socit Gnrale, to form Kleinwort Hambros in November 2016. Previously, he was a Member of Parliament from 1983 to 2017. He served until 2005 on the board of Genaissance Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ). Earlier, Barry worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The assassination cut short the life of the man who had headed Dresdner since 1969 and had been instrumental in turning the firm into an international business powerhouse. Prior to joining us, Janusz was head of Central and Eastern European private equity at Allianz Specialized Investments (formerly Dresdner Kleinwort Capital), having previously been deputy chairman and managing director of PTP-Kleinwort Benson. Finally, we can read about how these great companies came about with Company Histories.. In 2002 almost all of Germany's major banks reported their worst losses in the postwar era. Allianz AG, a large German insurance group, made a $22 billion play for Dresdner, adding it to its arsenal in late 2001. But Karl Rasche's presence on the board of a Goering Werke subsidiary during this time was later considered positive evidence by the Allies that Dresdner had not only escaped being socialized by the Nazis, but that it had maintained a close relationship with the Nazi government. Our activities involve: Negotiation: We understand that effective time and resource management is critical to the successful completion of a transaction. Andreas T. Angelopoulos has more than 30 years of experience in private equity, asset management, investment banking and engineering. The union created the world's fourth-largest financial group, leaving Dresdner in an enviable position. The combination created Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein (DrKW), the seventh-largest corporate merger advisor in the world. Corporate finance continued to account for a large share of its revenues and, according to The Economist, it also had "the biggest banking book of any British merchant bank, with some 3 billion of loans outstanding.". Dresdner achieved unprecedented success in the deposit business between 1896 and 1908 largely through innovative marketing techniques and the bold move of offering higher interest rates to deposit customers to draw a profitable volume of business. Dresdner Kleinwort Capital is a London-based investment banking firm providing brokerage services for financial and investment products. The London branch was especially significant for the bank because London was the financial center of the world at that time; it gave the company 19 highly profitable years before the onset of World War I. Lord Lilley also served as a non-executive Director on boards of several firms, including Tethys Petroleum Ltd., Melchior Japan Investment Trust PLC, Idox PLC and J P Morgan Cloverhouse Investment Trust. In response, Kleinwort joined the industry-wide trend toward raising money for domestic industry in the 1920s. The Wasserstein name was dropped in July 2006 when the. Kleinwort's profitable activities in precious metals and foreign currency trading during this decade helped offset these fiascos. [39] The bank moved to new premises at St George Street in London in 2012. We offer cross-border mergers & acquisitions, debt & equity capital raising, and corporate finance advisory services in the Technology and Consumer sectors. At FTI Consulting, he was responsible for establishing the firms India operations across the key practices of corporate finance/restructuring, forensic accounting and investigations, litigation consulting, strategic communications and investor relations. Through Kleinwort Benson, Dresdner would gain a foothold in international investment banking. Copyright (c) 2022 Company-Histories.com. Dresdner Kleinwort, the corporate and investment banking unit of Germany's Dresdner Bank, could seek to raise capital from external partners, including financial institutions in the Middle East . Friderichs's tenure ended in February 1985, when he resigned in the wake of charges that he had accepted a bribe for a favorable tax ruling given to the Flick Industrial Group while he was economics minister. This was clarified to mean that Front Office staff would receive 10% of the bonus promised in December 2008 but support functions would receive their full bonus. He also served as corporate manager & board director at PTW Architects firm. We help clients in preparing documents at all stages including non-disclosure agreements, letters of intent and definitive transaction documents. On the other hand, the merger left the future of DrKW in question. [1] In 1786, Heinrich set up a partnership with Otto Mueller in Holstein to finance trade with England. Dresdner also bolstered its U.S. position by purchasing several seats on the New York Stock Exchange, and in 1993 made its first public offering there. In September 2000, Dresdner opted to beef up its investment banking operations again, when it acquired Wasserstein Perella, a New York investment bank that had played an advisory role in the merger of Time Warner, Inc. and America Online, Inc. Wasserstein gave Dresdner a stronger presence in the United States, as well as a boost in its American mergers and acquisitions business. Address: Jurgen-Ponto-Platz 1 60301 Frankfurt Germany Telephone: 49-692-630 Fax: 49-692-63-4831 http://www.dresdner-bank.com Statistics: Public Company Incorporated: 1872 as Dresden Bankhaus Employees: 48,455 Total Assets: $448.81 billion (2002) Stock Exchanges: German Ticker Symbol: DRB The company offers its corporate, government, and institutional clients a variety of capital markets products and services, including short-term products and treasury, equity products, rates, credit products, foreign exchange debt . Additionally, it offers financing and securities management, private placements . Langham Capital provides expert corporate finance advisory services to companies seeking to build their global businesses. Mr. Wright is Chairman of the Advisory Board at YiMei Capital. He is also a non-executive Director of Baroda Pioneer Asset Management and Chairman of F1F9 (India). n***@orix.com. Nevertheless, Kleinwort survived the Depression, while other merchant banks either folded or needed a handout from the Bank of England. By 1995, however, the firm had rebounded through the implementation of a new management plan that focused company efforts on corporate finance and origination and distribution of domestic and international equities. It was Rller who been behind the founding of ABD Securities in 1968, and who had arranged the Kuwaiti sale of Daimler-Benz. In 1990, Dresdner inked a deal with Deutsche Kreditbank that gave the West German firm control over 72 Kreditbank retail branches and a 49 percent stake in the outfit, which was named Dresdner Bank Kreditbank AG. "We had 20 billion when we should have had a minimum of 50 billion," he says. In New York, it bought ACLI Government Securities Incorporated, a U.S. government securities dealer, from the investment bank Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, renaming it Kleinwort Benson Government Securities (KBGS). By 1989, it boasted of offices and subsidiaries in ten countries and four continents--a small empire of its own. Nonetheless, Kleinwort Benson's share of the British equities market remained at 5 percent in 1989, not enough to put it in the front ranks of Britain's securities firms. That year, Dresdner became the first German company to have its shares listed on the Tokyo stock exchange. But Dresdner did not prosper under Friderichs for long; his six years in charge were marked by mounting losses and turmoil among executives. Focus Industries: Biotechnology; Business and consumer products . Our colleagues at Financial News scoured the U.K.'s regulatory register for details of the 72 former Dresdner Kleinwort fixed income traders who Tuesday filed for a total of 34 million ($49 . Under Rller, Dresdner began to prosper again. Henry Hu holds a Master Degree of Computer Science from Columbia University and a BS in Physics from Peking University. Lambert founded the Leveraged Finance Group at Dresdner Kleinwort where he led the effort to integrate the institution's private equity sponsor driven M&A practice with its leveraged finance capabilities. He managed M&A, privatization, equity raising and private equity transactions for global clients in a number of markets and jurisdictions including the UK, Europe, US, India, South Korea, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Brazil. Phone: 442 - 74- 755493 Fax: 442 - 74- 756809 . Anne has worked in private equity since 2004 most recently as CFO at Cap10 Partners. Kleinwort relocated to London in 1855. [21] It added global reach through the acquisition of the US investment bank Wasserstein Perella in 2001 (from Bruce Wasserstein). At the time, it had 4.4 million in German, Austrian, and Hungarian bills outstanding. Christopher Wright is Chairman of EMAlternatives LLC in Washington DC, an emerging markets focused private equity asset management firm, and a director of Merifin Capital Group, a private European investment firm. eTel raised $50m and the investment, made for 45pc of the company equity, was led by Dresdner Kleinwort Benson Private equity, Argus Capital partners, Greenhill Capital partners and Intel Capital. When Kleinwort and Robert Benson Lonsdale merged in 1961, The Economist described it as "a marriage of essentially complementary partners." [15] It went on to advise the British Government on the sale of 50.2% of British Telecom, the largest ever share issue at the time, in 1984. Between 1924 and 1929, Dresdner Bank was involved in a lending policy that brought economic chaos to Germany again in 1931. Reunification meant more than gaining domestic strength for the new Dresdner Bank: it meant the bank could expand once again. Both Dresdner and Allianz have suffered since this merger because of problems with Dresdner's investment bank business, Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein. A month later Kleinworts agreed another loan of 1,500,000 pounds sterling at 3%. Engage via Email. Its internal restructuring efforts appeared to pay off, and by September 2003 DrKW had reported three consecutive quarters of growth. [4], The firm helped finance Francisco Franco's coup d'tat in Spain by approving a credit of 800,000 pounds at 4% interest on 15 September 1937. Mr. Wright is Emeritus Director of Campbell Lutyens @ Co. Ltd, a leading private equity and infrastructure focused investment banking firm based in London. Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein (DrKW) operates as the investment banking arm of Germany's Dresdner Bank AG. He has chaired the investment committees of and/or serves on several advisory boards of third party managed LBO and venture capital funds in North America and Europe and has advised several other financial institutions, including Hansa Capital, CdB Webtech, Standard Bank, Artio Global Investors, Surya Capital, GP Investimentos, ILFS India and De Agostini Alternative Investments on their investments in private equity and other alternative assets around the world, including real assets. St. James Press, 2004. All rights reserved. However, the merchant banks' traditional business of raising money for foreign ventures never fully recovered after the armistice, due to informal restrictions on foreign trade and increased competition from banks in New York and other up-and-coming financial centers. German insurance group Allianz has pursued a discriminatory hiring and firing policy at Dresdner Kleinwort, one of London's oldest investment banking businesses, designed to people senior. He received his Master of Architecture degree from University of Minnesota, and his bachelor of Architecture degree from Tsinghua University. The trend towards consolidation in the European banking industry continued in the late 1990s and early in the new century. Admittedly, "whenever I've felt like moving, something's happened to the firm where I've been working," he says. Previously at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein as head of the NY Leveraged Finance Group and founded the Real Estate and Public Finance Groups. Henry has many years of management consulting and entrepreneurship experience, with deep knowledge in enterprise management, operation and governance. The venture was found in Europe in United Kingdom. The Economist summed up the company's problems in an August 2002 article, stating, "In the past year almost one-fifth of Dresdner's revenues have crumbled away. Privacy Policy, Astbury, Kate, "Allianz Still Half in Love,", "Finance and Economics: Death of a Deal,", "For Better, For Worse; Allianz and Dresdner Bank,", Hobday, Nicola, "Whither Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein,", Jenkins, Patrick, "DrKW Aims to Recapture Past Glory,", Kerr, Ian, "Can Kleinwort Elude the Vultures,", Merrell, Caroline, "Allianz Signals Disposal of DKW,", Stevenson, Richard W., "Dresdner Will Pay $1.6 Billion for Kleinwort Benson,", "Wasserstein's Acquisition Completed by Dresdner,". This investment-banking subsidiary was an extremely important part of Dresdner's worldwide securities expertise. Get the full list, Morningstar Institutional Equity Research. The Rt. [2] Kleinworts established a successful trading business in Cuba, profiting from the expansion of the H. Upmann and Sons cigar business. With its place in the securities industry somewhat uncertain, the future of Agnew's vision of Kleinwort Benson as a fully integrated investment bank appeared equally up in the air. Jens also has been Project Manager for the . Finally, we can read about how these great companies came about with Company Histories.. Undeterred, Dresdner continued to look for opportunities to bolster its holdings, especially for its investment banking arm. The company operated as Dresdner Kleinwort Benson (DKB) after the 1995 acquisition. In 1986, it entered the domestic life insurance business by buying Transinternational Life from Transamerica Corporation and, even more importantly, prepared itself for the impending deregulation of the British financial markets known as the Big Bang by acquiring the securities brokerage Grieveson Grant. The deal made Kleinwort Benson the first foreign bank to own a government securities firm that dealt directly with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This is the branding that Dresdner will use for its private equity business worldwide. Kleinwort took on more domestic underwriting business than it had in the past, but it also embarked on unsuccessful forays into shipbuilding, cotton manufacturing, and fire insurance. In 1978, Dresdner had officially become one of the ten largest banks in the world. Dresdner also pioneered the way for foreign stock shares to be traded on West German exchanges at about this time. The 1960s and 1970s were years of fierce activity for merchant banks, marked by increased competition both from foreign firms and from domestic rivals spurred on by a 1971 Bank of England policy statement encouraging looser regulation of British financial institutions. ", "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", "Brief History of Sharps Pixley as London Bullion Market Member", "The Privatization of UK Oil Assets 1977-87: Rational Policy-Making, International Changes and Domestic Constraints", "Harrod's new owner: Mohamed Al-Fayed; a quiet acquisitor is caught in the crossfire", "Kleinwort lifts payout after turnaround: 'Good feeling of confidence' running through bank, reports chairman", "Dresdner Bank Bids $1.5 Billion For Kleinwort", Yuganskneftegaz appraisal close to completion, $1.4bn sex discrimination law suit targets Dresdner Kleinwort Waserstein, Commerzbank to Close Dresdner Kleinwort U.K. M&A Unit, Dresdner Kleinwort to cut most Japan staff, Dresdner is sued by three more bankers over bonuses, Commerzbank sued for $49m over banker bonuses, Dresdner sued for millions in with held bonuses by 72 former traders, Commerzbank drops Dresdner Kleinwort Benson, "RHJ International to Acquire Kleinwort Benson From Commerzbank", "RHJ wins Chinese backing to buy Deutsche's BHF unit", "Kleinwort Benson tax compliance business bought by Saffron Tax Partners", "IFA buys book of 1,000 Kleinwort clients in RDR clear-out", "RHJ International: Extraordinary Shareholder's Meeting Update", "Oddo completes capital raising ahead of BHF Kleinwort Benson buy", "City of London Member details Sir Alan Colin Drake Yarrow (Alderman)", "A High-Powered Deal Maker Is Named to Lead Lazard", "The chief executive of the London Stock Exchange is stepping down next year", "Luke Johnson: from Pizza Express to Patisserie Valerie", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleinwort_Benson&oldid=1138621296, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 17:31.